additive manufacturing: carbon

Additive manufacturing with carbon

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Strategy&-Analysis 3D printing

Market volume for printed products will rise to 22.6 billion euros by 2030

(Sorry for any errors in the translation)

Aerospace (23%), Medical (23%) and Automotive (15%) have the largest annual growth potential / certification of 3D printing technologies and development of new print designs as key growth drivers

Prototypes are already being produced in 3D production facilities in production halls, but in the coming years, the process will only reach its full economic potential: By 2030, the global market for 3D printing products in the industry will average between 13 and 23% per year. market volume of EUR 22.6 billion, according to a recent analysis by Strategy &, the strategy consulting firm of PwC, in cooperation with Materialize’s 3D printing specialists. Optimized printing methods and materials as well as greater implementation in business processes and the establishment of new business models are growth drivers. The process opens up new opportunities, especially for the aerospace industry with average annual growth rates of 23% and for the automotive industry (+ 15%) Potentials in production: In the future, spare parts can be produced on-site as needed. For medical technology too, 3D printing offers great opportunities, with projected average growth rates of 23% per year, followed by industry (+ 14%) and retail (+ 13%).

“The accelerated and more flexible development and production through the 3D printing process will unleash enormous economic power over the next few years. The growth opportunities are huge: only 18% of companies currently use 3D printing, but in the next five years we expect an increase to one third of the manufacturing companies. Therefore, it is now necessary to consider how 3D technologies can be profitably integrated into one’s own business model and how they can strategically expand the product portfolio, “explains Christian Foltz, Partner at Strategy & Germany.

3D printing

Within the aerospace industry, Strategy & Experts predict a 3D print market volume of $ 9.59 billion worldwide by 2030. In 2015, only 0.49% of 3D printed products were manufactured in the industry, and by 2030 this percentage will increase to 5.2%. In the next two years, the certification of 3D printing technologies will be the central growth factor. By 2030, the design tailored to 3D printing processes will play the most important role.

In medical technology, the 3D printing market volume increased from 0.26 billion euros (as of 2015) to 5.59 billion euros (2030). “By 2020, the advances in 3D printing in medical technology will be marked above all by the reinvention of existing products and business models. On the other hand, the success of companies with promising 3D printing projects depends on the development of new materials and optimized printing processes, “comments Foltz.

3D-Druck

In the automotive industry, the 3D printing market volume is estimated to grow from € 0.34 billion (2015) to € 2.61 billion (2030). Here, the focus is still in the prototype development. “In the future, it is conceivable that manufacturers themselves print out individual components that are only needed in smaller quantities, thereby saving time and costs compared to the previous supply chain. Here, too, specialized 3D printing suppliers will divide the lion’s share of the value chain among themselves. Just-in-time delivery will turn on-demand 3D printing, “says Foltz. Even OEMs will probably set up their own certified 3D printers in their authorized workshops in the not too distant future, which will print original spare parts as needed, thereby increasing margins in the aftersales sector through reduced logistics and storage costs.

An effect that retailers are already benefiting from today in conjunction with individual, highly advanced brands: Customers can design products digitally and have them printed on-site. In terms of total retail sales, Strategy & Analysis predicts that the 3D printing market will grow from € 0.3 billion (2015) to € 1.89 billion (2030). In the industrial sector (excluding the automotive industry) experts expect an increase from 0.44 billion euros (2015) to 2.98 billion euros (2030). “The rapid technological development of 3D printing can fundamentally change established structures as well as the interaction between research and development, suppliers, manufacturers and retailers. The players involved along the value chain must therefore systematically deal with the opportunities as well as the risks of this technology and analyze how the resulting potential can be used for their business, “concludes Foltz.

 

          Video:   Potential of 3D printing

 

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Siegeszug dank virtueller Doppelgänger

© Foto Deloitte

Studie von Deloitte zeigt: Internet der Dinge dringt in alle Lebensbereiche vor/Normierung der Schlüssel zum Erfolg

Digitale Zwillinge machen das Internet der Dinge (IoT) noch intelligenter.

Diese virtuellen, computergestützten Abbilder eines Produktes, Prozesses oder Dienstes werden künftig die reale und die virtuelle Welt noch stärker miteinander verbinden. Noch gibt es den digitalen Zwilling oder Digital Twin vornehmlich in Produktion, Anlagenbau oder bei sogenannten „High Value Assets“. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung fast aller Lebensbereiche werden Digital Twins jedoch auch im Alltagsleben der Verbraucher eine immer größere Rolle spielen, vor allem im Rahmen von Anwendungsszenarien wie Smart Home, Connected Car oder im Gesundheitswesen. Digital Twins haben das Potenzial, in vielen Segmenten erheblichen Mehrwert zu schaffen. Sie sorgen für mehr Effizienz, Transparenz und Flexibilität, während sie auf der anderen Seite wirksam Risiken mindern und Qualität sichern können. Wie der aktuelle Deloitte-Report „Grenzenlos vernetzt – Smarte Digitalisierung durch IoT, Digital Twins und die Supra-Plattform“ zeigt, bedarf es aber einer übergreifenden Plattform sowie einer umfassenden Standardisierung von Datenformaten, um das Potenzial digitaler Zwillinge über Insellösungen und geschlossenen Plattformen hinaus gänzlich ausschöpfen zu können.

„Ein anschauliches Beispiel für den ganz konkreten Nutzen eines digitalen Zwillings im Alltagsleben der Verbraucher wäre etwa eine virtuelle Probefahrt, wie sie vermutlich schon im kommenden Jahr zum Angebot von Automobilherstellern gehören wird. Hierbei können zukünftig mithilfe eines Digital Twin realistische Fahrmanöver im Grenzbereich simuliert und beispielsweise über Virtual Reality visualisiert werden“, erklärt Milan Sallaba, Partner und Leiter Technology Sector bei Deloitte.

Digitale Zwillinge als Transformationsbeschleuniger
Bis 2020 gibt es voraussichtlich weltweit mindestens 20 Milliarden IoT-Endpunkte, etwa 4,5 Milliarden davon in Europa, die Digital Twins potenziell mit den erforderlichen Daten versorgen um sie damit zu Bausteinen der intelligenten Digitalisierung machen zu können. Als solche werden die virtuellen Doppelgänger in viele Bereiche des Lebens vordringen und die digitale Transformation der Gesellschaft entscheidend beschleunigen und beeinflussen: als Lieferant von Insights zum Betriebszustand und Steuerung eines Objekts genauso wie als Enabler für Analytics-Lösungen zur Predictive Maintenance.

Neue Geschäftsmodelle und stärkeres Wachstum
Vier Dinge braucht der digitale Zwilling: Sensoren, Konnektivität, definierte Datenstrukturen sowie ein User Interface, das die relevanten Daten visualisiert. Mit dieser Ausstattung können sie im Prinzip überall dort eingesetzt werden, wo vernetzte Objekte vorhanden sind: Produktionsroboter, Windkraftanlagen oder Flugzeugtriebwerke haben sich bereits als B2B-Einsatzfelder etabliert. Im Zuge der weiteren Entwicklung werden nun zunehmend auch Consumer-Anwendungen relevant. So können Diabetespatienten ihre Blutzuckerwerte über vernetzte Messgeräte bequem speichern, visualisieren, entsprechend handeln und in Echtzeit an den behandelnden Arzt übertragen. Eine Fitnesseinheit auf dem stationären Heimtrainer ermöglicht nunmehr virtuelle Radrennen in digitalen Welten gegen Sportler weltweit anhand realer, in Echtzeit ausgewerteter Leistungsparameter. Auch von einer intelligenten Verkehrssteuerung in der Smart City werden Autofahrer in Zukunft profitieren. Die Beispiele zeigen: Aus der Digitalisierung ergeben sich völlig neue Nutzungsszenarien und Geschäftsmodelle, die potenziell wirtschaftliches Wachstum und gesellschaftlichen Mehrwert hervorbringen.

IoT-Fragmentierung und Datensilos überwinden
Permanentes Monitoring, der nachhaltige Aufbau zusätzlicher Erfahrungswerte, flexiblere Steuerungsmöglichkeiten und Frühwarnoptionen sind neue Möglichkeiten, die jedoch eine allumfassende Vernetzung erfordern. Bislang verhindert das stark fragmentierte IoT-Ökosystem mit seinen Einzelanwendungen und zahlreichen geschlossenen Plattformen und Datensilos eine umfassende Interoperabilität. Mit dem Aufbau einer übergreifenden, offenen Plattform könnten künftig die Voraussetzungen für echten, digitalen Mehrwert geschaffen werden. Kundenerfahrungen lassen sich dann nahtlos über die weitverbreiteten, oft betriebstechnischen Schnittstellen hinweg optimieren.

Datencontainer und Supra-Plattform schaffen
Eine grenzenlose Vernetzung braucht offene technische Schnittstellen und standardisierte Datenformate. Entscheidend sind hierbei vor allem zwei Kernelemente: zum einen Datencontainer zur Speicherung von Informationen in vorgegebenen Formaten als unmittelbare Schnittstelle zwischen realer und virtueller Welt. Das andere Kernelement ist die übergreifende Datenmanagement-Ebene – eine Supra-Plattform. Sie ermöglicht einen End-to-End-Datenaustausch, ist logisch und beständig strukturiert, schafft durch entsprechende Verwaltung den verbindlichen Rahmen und managt sämtliche Schnittstellen.

Große Player gefordert
Die Implementierung einer übergreifenden Plattform ist eine Mammutaufgabe und erfordert einen breiten industriellen, technischen und politischen Konsens sowie ein hohes Maß an Kompromissbereitschaft. Nur sehr große Akteure dürften überhaupt in der Lage sein, diese Aufgabe annähernd zu bewältigen. Denkbar wäre das Engagement großer, datenzentrierter Internet-Player, internationaler TK-Unternehmen und Technologie-Konzerne, aber auch staatlicher oder suprastaatlicher Organisationen. Dabei könnte insbesondere ein Zusammenschluss mehrerer Parteien den Durchbruch bringen.

„Ob Smart City, Industrie 4.0 oder Connected Car: Die Aufzählung der möglichen Einsatzgebiete und der komplementären Nutznießer umfasst praktisch Aspekte aller großen Wachstumsfelder der TMT-Industrie. Alleine dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung und das Potenzial von IoT im Allgemeinen und von Digital Twins im Besonderen. Von der intelligenten Vernetzung profitieren gleichermaßen Unternehmen, Gesellschaft und der einzelne Konsument“, ergänzt Sallaba.

Die Studie finden Sie hier zum Download.

Deloitte erbringt Dienstleistungen in den Bereichen Wirtschaftsprüfung, Risk Advisory, Steuerberatung, Financial Advisory und Consulting für Unternehmen und Institutionen aus allen Wirtschaftszweigen; Rechtsberatung wird in Deutschland von Deloitte Legal erbracht. Mit einem weltweiten Netzwerk von Mitgliedsgesellschaften in mehr als 150 Ländern verbindet Deloitte herausragende Kompetenz mit erstklassigen Leistungen und unterstützt Kunden bei der Lösung ihrer komplexen unternehmerischen Herausforderungen. Making an impact that matters – für rund 263.900 Mitarbeiter von Deloitte ist dies gemeinsames Leitbild und individueller Anspruch zugleich.

Deloitte bezieht sich auf Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited („DTTL“), eine „private company limited by guarantee“ (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung nach britischem Recht), ihr Netzwerk von Mitgliedsunternehmen und ihre verbundenen Unternehmen. DTTL und jedes ihrer Mitgliedsunternehmen sind rechtlich selbstständig und unabhängig. DTTL (auch „Deloitte Global“ genannt) erbringt selbst keine Leistungen gegenüber Mandanten. Eine detailliertere Beschreibung von DTTL und ihren Mitgliedsunternehmen finden Sie auf www.deloitte.com/de/UeberUns.

Self-learning assistance system for efficient processes

Research News

Press Release

Support for the operation of production machines

Self-learning assistance system for efficient processes

To prevent long downtimes and high quantities of scrap, manufacturers must design production processes to be stable and efficient. Particularly successful outcomes are achieved when the experience of the people who operate the machines is taken into account. The Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV in Dresden is developing a self-learning assistance system that helps machine operators resolve errors and build up their experience and process knowledge.

To take a concrete example: On a processing machine, chocolate bars are wrapped in paper. A sensor detects a deviation in the production process and the machine stops. Even with state-of-the-art systems, a brief interruption occurs on average every five minutes. An experienced machine operator knows where the cause of the error lies. He or she sees that the paper is bending and concludes that, in this case, the speed of the machine needs to be regulated. However, this knowledge is person-specific – a colleague with less experience would need more time to find the solution.

To make this experience-based knowledge available to all operators at all times, scientists at Fraunhofer IVV in Dresden are developing SAM, a self-learning assistance system for machine operators. The system observes machine states and operator actions and saves successful solution strategies. Using a tablet computer, for example, the machine operator inputs his/her solution and then links it to the current fault situation recorded by SAM. If a given fault has occurred several times, SAM recognizes it and can give the operator tips on the cause and on how to solve the problem. In this way, the machine is quickly repaired and running again.

To enable SAM to learn fault situations, the scientists at Fraunhofer IVV are using machine learning algorithms. Equipped with intelligent feature extraction, SAM is able to learn at a similar speed as humans and can recognize patterns after only a few repetitions. “Thanks to our knowledge of packaging machine processes, we’re able to make SAM very fast,” explains Andre Schult, Group Manager for Digitalization and Process Efficiency at Fraunhofer IVV.

© Fraunhofer IVV

SAM, a self-learning assistance system, helps machine operators resolve errors in production machines.

Working with SAM is a people-centered experience

When designing SAM, Fraunhofer IVV in Dresden put people at the center of their considerations. “A human being is a wonderful tool. With their hands and eyes, they are more flexible and better than many robots or cameras,” says Andre Schult. However, processes and systems are growing in complexity all the time. With SAM, Schult also wants to enable operators in the future to recognize errors themselves and suggest their own solutions. People should know that, despite all the state-of-the-art technology, humans play an indispensable role in production. This increases their sense of value in their work and their motivation.

Together with partners from industry and science, Fraunhofer IVV plans to further develop the self-learning operator assistance system over the next five years and add new functionalities through a range of new modules. In this way, it will be possible to adapt SAM to specific customer requirements. Possible additional features include things like the use of image processing, external sensors, and speech and gesture recognition. Looking forward, manufacturers will be able to use SAM both for the operation and for the maintenance, setup, assembly and development of machines.

SAM

Upcoming event:

On October 23-24, 2018, the “Operator Assistance Systems” VVD User Forum will take place at the Fraunhofer-Forum Berlin. The main topics will be:

  • Self-learning operator assistance systems
  • Psychological aspects of human-machine interaction
  • VR/AR environments, virtual commissioning, digital twins
  • Innovative concepts for human-machine interaction

Efficient use of resources in manufacture of metal components

Research News

Press Release

Additive Manufacturing has established itself in many industrial sectors as a method for making plastic parts. The 3D printing of metals is on the road to becoming a similar success story. In the newly opened 3D-Printing Lab for Metals and Structural Materials at the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, researchers have investigated how resource- efficient the manufacturing process is when lightweight aluminum components are manufactured using additive methods. They discovered that even marginal reductions in the material and resources used per component yield high cost savings in series manufacturing.

The 3D-Printing Lab for Metals and Structural Materials at Fraunhofer EMI in Freiburg houses one of the largest commercially available 3D printers for metal currently in existence. In the research sector, an apparatus of this size is unique. Using the selective laser melting technique (see box “How SLM works”), metal structures with dimensions of up to 40 centimeters can be made by additive manufacturing. 3D printing offers completely new ways of designing components with highly complex shapes and optimizing their weight.

But it is only by combining Additive Manufacturing and intelligent lightweight design that you can maximize resource efficiency in manufacturing. Fraunhofer researchers in the 3D-Printing Lab have investigated just how economical the manufacturing process is in terms of resources, and whether material and operating costs can be minimized compared to conventional industrial methods. To do this, they took a practical, widespread component for their tests: a wheel carrier such as might be used in a lightweight vehicle. “We were able to quantify the effect lightweight construction – and specifically the use of structural optimization methods – has on the resources used in the SLM manufacturing process,” says Klaus Hoschke, scientist and group leader at Fraunhofer EMI. The focus was on energy and material consumption, the manufacturing time and the CO2 emissions that arise during the small-scale production of twelve wheel bearings.

© Fraunhofer EMI

Lattice cube with edge length of 40 centimeters, one of the largest metal structures manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM).

© Fraunhofer EMI

Several structural components arranged on a base plate after a selective laser melting process.

© Fraunhofer EMI

Finite element analysis of the start design of a wheel bearing technology demonstrator (left); numerical design optimization of the technology demonstrator to reduce the component’s mass without impairing functionality (center); and CAD template for manufacturing the 3D metal component (right).

Resource efficiency of a small manufacturing run

After the researchers had used the numerical finite element method (FEM) to simulate and analyze a draft design and determine the right geometric shape with structural optimization methods, they constructed the wheel bearing in an optimized lightweight design. The result was a wheel bearing designed for the defined load scenarios and offering maximum performance. Because of their geometric complexity, structures produced in this way cannot be manufactured by conventional methods such as milling or turning. “With the lighter model, we were able to save hugely on resources during production, as less material has to be produced per component. If you multiply this by the number of units in a small-scale run, then you require less time, material and energy for manufacturing. Reducing volume through the use of higher-strength materials offers the greatest potential for energy savings here,” says the researcher. Using the numerically optimized version of the wheel bearing, 15 percent less energy was required for the additive process than for the conventional method: Twelve kilowatt hours of electricity were needed for the conventional design, whereas only ten kilowatt hours were needed for the numerically optimized design. (In each case, the measured value refers to a series-manufactured component.) Manufacturing time was cut by 14 percent and CO2 emissions by 19 percent. And where material consumption was concerned, it could be significantly reduced by 28 percent.

Additive Manufacturing – the method of choice

Although structure-optimizing algorithms and numerical optimization simulations are already being employed in the 3D printing of components today, they are only used when the component must be extremely lightweight, such as aircraft parts designed to reduce fuel consumption during operation. Components that lack these implications as regards structural optimization are still generally manufactured using conventional industrial methods. The results of the small-scale series production of the wheel bearing suggest that additive manufacturing can also be useful when a component does not have to be structurally optimized as such. “A heat exchanger or a tool mold, for example, do not have to be lightweight to improve their functionality. Nevertheless, it makes sense to design them with reduced weight and volume when manufacturing them additively, because this way you can bring down manufacturing costs,” explains Hoschke.

Forecasts on what effect the Additive Manufacturing of metals will have on global production vary widely. But everyone agrees on one thing: for many industries – such as aerospace, automotive engineering, medical engineering and toolmaking – it is a game changer. “Our positive results for resource efficiency in the manufacturing process should reinforce this,” says the scientist. In the future, Hoschke and his team want to research the extent to which other design heights, series sizes and materials such as titanium affect the resource efficiency of the manufacturing process.